![]() ![]() There are several types of degradation that can affect PV modules. The aging/degradation of the module is one of the key factors that affect the reduction in the power supply capacity of the module 10. ![]() Since the PV installation occurs outdoors, it is exposed to environmental factors like solar irradiance, temperature, humidity, and physical stress, which have a significant impact on its performance over time 7, 8, 9. Although PV modules typically have a lifespan of approximately 25 years, several factors can affect their performance over time 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Its benefits include being endless, pollution-free, abundant, silent, devoid of rotating parts, and capable of converting electricity effectively regardless of size. Solar energy is employed for both commercial and residential purposes 2. Today, solar energy inhabits a significant position in the market for renewable energy. Different renewable energy sources today provide enough flexibility and dependability across a wide range of technologies to minimize the energy shortage as a result of rising demand 1, 2. Environmental issues arise from using nonrenewable fuel sources, especially with the rising cost of oil and the negative effects of burning fossil fuels on the environment. The energy issue continues to be crucial for society's social and economic advancement 1. After a long time of operation in outdoor conditions, the single diode model's five parameters are used for parameter identification of each module to study the effect of aging on PV module performance. The overall performance ratio obtained for the PV system is 85.9%. The results demonstrate that the modules' maximum power ( \(\)), and fill factor ( \(FF\)) degradation rates are 2.28%, 12.16%, and 15.3%, respectively. Visual inspection, I–V characteristic measurement, and degradation rate have all been calculated as part of the PV evaluation process. Degradation rates were determined using the module's performance ratio, temperature losses, and energy yield. This paper investigates the degradation of 24 mono-crystalline silicon PV modules mounted on the rooftop of Egypt's electronics research institute (ERI) after 25 years of outdoor operation. Both technological and environmental conditions affect the PV module degradation rate. Understanding the modes and methodologies of degradation is critical to certifying PV module lifetimes of 25 years. Studies on PV module degradation are typically based on time-consuming and labor-intensive accelerated or field experiments. Degradation reduces the capability of solar photovoltaic (PV) production over time. ![]()
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